How do you find your maximum aerobic speed?

How do you find your maximum aerobic speed?

scoring: The maximal aerobic speed is the average speed for the run. Divide the run distance by the total time in seconds to get a running speed in meters/second. This is the maximal aerobic speed.

What happens when you increase mAs?

An increase in current (mA) results in a higher production of electrons that are inside the x-ray tube which will, therefore, increase the quantity of radiation; more radiation will cause more photons reaching the detector and hence apparent structural density will decrease, yet the signal intensity will increase.

What are the effects of kVp and mAs on image quality?

The first experiment showed that, when the film density is kept constant, the higher the kVp, the lower the resolution and image contrast percentage; also, the higher the mAs, the higher the resolution and image contrast percentage.

How does kVp affect image quality?

Radiation quality or kVp: it has a great effect on subject contrast. A lower kVp will make the x-ray beam less penetrating. This will result in a greater difference in attenuation between the different parts of the subject, leading to higher contrast. A higher kVp will make the x-ray beam more penetrating.

How can radiographic density be increased?

Greater radiographic density may be produced by increasing (1) the total number of x-rays that reach the film, (2) the penetrating power of the x-rays, (3) the developing time, or (4) the temperature of the developer.

How is kVp calculated?

(measured thickness in centimetres x 2) + 40 = initial kVp For example, if your dog measures 14cm thickness at the 12th rib, the initial kVp should be 68.

How does mA affect image quality?

An increase in mA will increase the quantity of exposure; decreased mA will reduce the quantity of exposure.

What is the controlling factor of density?

Stack #132647

Question	Answer
What is the controlling factor of density?	Mas
What factors secondarily influence density?	KVP, distance, beam restriction, anatomic part, grid, film/screen combination, processing, anode heel affect

What is the controlling factor of density and does it affect it?

what is the controlling factor of density IR exposure and how is it affected? Mas is the controlling factor of density and IR exposure and it is affected because as Mas increases, x-ray exposure increases proportionally and film density also increases.

What are the 5 basic radiographic densities?

Of these densities, four belong to the human economy, and only one of them is external in nature.

• Air Density:
• Density Fat:
• Water Density:
• Density Calcium (or bone):
• Metal Density:
• Bibliography:

What affects film density and contrast?

H and D Curve. As the curve increases, the density increases. The sharper the angulation of the curve, the less the latitude of the film and the greater the contrast. The flatter the angulation, the greater / wider the latitude of the film and the less the contrast.

What is short scale contrast?

A radiograph that demonstrates large differences in density between adjacent areas. Short-scale contrast is a result of low kilovoltage peak (kVp). In dental radiography, for example, a kVp less than about 60 must be used to produce a radiograph with short-scale contrast.

What is XRAY wavelength?

0.01 to 10 nanometers

What is base plus fog?

[′bās ‚pləs ′fäg ‚den·səd·ē] (optics) The value of the inherent optical transmission density of a film base plus the nonimage density contributed by the developed emulsion.

What is H and D curve?

Definition. noun. A graph in which the density of the photographic film (vertical axis) is plotted against the logarithm of the relative exposure (horizontal axis), to illustrate the photographic characteristics of an emulsion (e.g. on an x-ray film).

What does contrast mean in film?

shades of gray

How does film processing affect contrast?

How does film processing affect contrast? 9. An increase in developer immersion time, temperature, or replenishment rate above the manufactures recommended levels will increase chemical fog. Chemical fog causes a decrease in the slope of the characteristic curve resulting in decreased contrast.

Does temperature affect film?

Higher developing temperatures and increased developing times resulted in an increase in film speed and film contrast. A definite pattern of change could be demonstrated in film speed and film contrast during sensitometry.

What is the best way to reduce the production of scatter radiation?

Reducing the size of the scattered radiation source by collimation is an effective way of improving contrast. An air gap, or introducing a space between the patient’s body and the receptor, reduces the intensity of the scatter in relation to the primary beam and improves contrast.

How far does scatter radiation travel?

Scatter radiation exposure, the most common type of exposure you will receive in diagnostic radiology, is reduced to 1/sure the patient is receiving if you stand one meter (approximately 3 feet) from the patient.

Why is scatter radiation dangerous?

When scatter radiation occurs, it reflects more harmful secondary radiation in all directions. Scatter radiation is associated with skin damage, eye injury, and increased risk of cancerous lymphocytes and chromosomal abnormalities.

Do radiologists get cancer?

The practicing radiologist in the United States receives an annual average x-ray dose of 3.2 mSv. This dose of radiation results in between 17 and 28 cancer deaths among the 19,000 radiologists at risk, or an excess cancer risk of between 0.53% and 0.87%.