What is a cement squeeze job?

What is a cement squeeze job?

Squeeze job, or squeeze cementing is a term often used in the oilfield to describe the process of injecting cement slurry into a zone, generally for pressure-isolation purposes.

What is cement plug?

A cement plug is a rubber plug that is used to separate cement slurry from mixing with other fluids. This reduces contamination and maintains the consistency of the slurry.

What is top cement?

Abbreviation for “top of cement.” The highest depth of set cement in the annulus after well cementing, generally determined from logging. Although cementing engineers calculate the expected top of cement before pumping, unanticipated washouts or losses to the formation can affect the final height of the cement column.

What is a cement head?

1. n. [Drilling] A device fitted to the top joint of a casing string to hold a cement plug before it is pumped down the casing during the cementing operation.

What is top plug?

A top plug is a rubber seal in the casing string, which stops the fluid used in drilling from contaminating cement slurry. The bottom plug precedes the cement down the casing, and the top plug follows the cement and precedes the displacement fluid.

What is a wiper plug?

1. n. [Drilling] Another term for cementing plug, a rubber plug used to separate the cement slurry from other fluids, reducing contamination and maintaining predictable slurry performance.

How many cement plugs are typically set in the well?

plug to cover all porous zones is difficult, two or more cement plugs shall be placed. The lower most cement plug shall extend 30 meters below the bottom most porous zone and the upper most plug shall extend 30 meters above the upper most porous zone.

What is a bridge plug?

Bridge Plugs are downhole tools composed of slips, mandrel and an elastomer sealing element. It is run in hole and set in casing to isolate a lower zone from an upper zone. It may be installed to permanently seal a well or installed temporarily to preform work on the well.

What is a float collar?

1. n. [Well Completions] A component installed near the bottom of the casing string on which cement plugs land during the primary cementing operation. It typically consists of a short length of casing fitted with a check valve.

How does a cement retainer work?

The TAM Cement Retainer is inflated by circulating a ball to the tool. Pump pressure is then applied to inflate the element. The ball activates a sliding sleeve that traps the inflation pressure in the element. Additional pressure is then applied to expel the ball and ball choke through the tool.

How does a baker 20 setting tool work?

A small charge of electrical current transmitted through the electric wireline ignites the power charge in the setting assembly, gradually building up gas pressure. This pressure produces the controlled force necessary to set the packer.

What is a drill collar used for?

Functions of Drill Collars The primary purpose of a drill collar is to apply weight and force on the drill bit in order to help control direction and wellbore stability.

Why is casing shoe the weakest point?

However, it should be paid attention that, in most cases, the casing shoe is expected to be the weakest point in the open hole. The additional water hammer pressure generated by closing the BOP would fracture the shallowest exposed formation below the casing shoe, leading to an underground blowout.

What is the shoe in drilling?

1. n. [Drilling] The bottom of the casing string, including the cement around it, or the equipment run at the bottom of the casing string.

How do you calculate ECD?

The ECD is calculated as: d + P/(0.052*D), where d is the mud weight (ppg), P is the pressure drop in the annulus between depth D and surface (psi), and D is the true vertical depth (feet).

What is a formation integrity test?

A Formation Integrity Test (FIT) is a test of the strength and integrity of a new formation and it is the first step after drilling a casing shoe track. The Information resulting from Formation Integrity Tests (FIT) is used throughout the life of the well and also for nearby wells.

What is Hermetical test?

Hermetical testing refers to the closed cycle pressure testing of casings of wells completed by pumping water at steady rate to detect leakage before handing over the well for production testing. It is done after the final part of drilling is done & after all casings run & cemented.

How do you convert PPG to PSI?

Density can also be reported in pounds per cubic foot(lb/cu ft), grams per cc (gr/cc), specific gravity (SG), or pressure gradient (psi/ft). Mud gradient (psi/ft) = mud weight in ppg x 0.052 Converting 10 ppg to psi/ft =0.052×10=0.52 psi/ft.

What is a leak off test?

Abstract. A leak-off test is one of the most common procedures to test the fracture pressure of the exposed formations. After cementing and drilling out of the casing shoe, the LOT is run to verify that the casing, cement, and formation can withstand the pressure needed to safely drill the next section of the well.

How do you do a leak off test?

Injector Leak-Off Test

1. The Test Kit. To perform a leak-off test you will need a set of measuring bottles, 2 metres of tubing 3.2mm inside diameter, a set of leak-off connectors and four plugs with 7 mm entry holes.
2. The Test. The test that I used starts with 2 minutes running at idle followed by:
3. The Result.
4. Leakage.

How do you check for injector leaks?

Look very closely at each fuel injector head where it connects to the fuel rail. Look for any obvious dribbling leaks or fuel spray pattern on the rail, injector body or cylinder head. Smell for gas. A leak at the injector head will indicate bad O-ring seals inside the injector body.

How do I know if my injectors are leaking?

Symptoms of Leaking Fuel Injectors:

1. Hard Starting when engine is hot.
2. Increased Fuel Consumption.
3. Rough Idle.
4. Fuel odors inside and around the car.
5. Poor Emissions.
6. Oil thinning, which can lead to catastrophic engine failure.
7. Hydro-lock, which can lead to catastrophic engine failure.

What do bad fuel injectors look like?

The most common sign of a bad fuel injector is the check engine warning light, which appears on the dashboard. As soon as an injector isn’t doing what it should, this light will come on. The ECU triggers the warning light when the injector is delivering too much or too little fuel.